Reference
Fuel catalog
Density, heating values, energy densities and emission factors for common fuels — every figure sourced, with its heating-value basis labeled and its uncertainty on display.
Compare fuels at a glance CO₂e per kWh and energy per kg, ranked
Grams of CO₂e released per kWh of fuel energy, net (LHV) basis. Direct combustion only, not lifecycle or well-to-wheel. Emission factors: UK 2025. Calculated by the converter from the catalog’s sources: UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ).
Exactness of every value: region + year
CO₂e per kWh of fuel energy · highest first
- coking coal ~377 g/kWh
- coal (domestic) ~365 g/kWh
- hard coal ~339 g/kWh
- coal (electricity generation) ~336 g/kWh
- heavy fuel oil ~285 g/kWh
- gas oil ~273 g/kWh
- 100% mineral diesel ~268 g/kWh
- kerosene ~261 g/kWh
- burning oil ~260 g/kWh
- diesel ~260 g/kWh
- 100% mineral petrol ~254 g/kWh
- butane ~241 g/kWh
- propane ~233 g/kWh
- gasoline ~232 g/kWh
- LPG ~230 g/kWh
- LNG ~205 g/kWh
- natural gas ~203 g/kWh
- CNG ~203 g/kWh
- biodiesel ~18.2 g/kWh Not in the bar: ~260 g/kWh biogenic CO₂
- wood ~11.5 g/kWh Not in the bar: ~351 g/kWh biogenic CO₂
- wood pellets ~11.5 g/kWh Not in the bar: ~349 g/kWh biogenic CO₂
- ethanol ~1.52 g/kWh Not in the bar: ~257 g/kWh biogenic CO₂
- biogas ~0.224 g/kWh Not in the bar: ~199 g/kWh biogenic CO₂
Wood and the biofuels show CO₂e from methane and nitrous oxide only. The CO₂ released when biomass burns is a separate figure in the catalog (biogenic CO₂); it is printed under the bar and never added to it.
Not shown
- crude oil, lignite, anthracite — the catalog has a CO₂ factor but no CO₂e factor, and CO₂ and CO₂e are never mixed
- methane — no CO₂e factor in the catalog
- hydrogen — burning it releases no CO₂, but the catalog has no CO₂e figure for it
- electricity — emissions depend on the country and the year; there is no single figure