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LPG

liquid gas

DESNZ 'LPG' (mixed propane/butane). IPCC 2006 Liquefied Petroleum Gases NCV 47.3 MJ/kg, CO2 63,100 kg/TJ. See separate 'propane' and 'butane' entries for the pure gases.

  • LPG density and energy per litre depend on the propane/butane mix and on the liquid vs gas phase. Litre figures here are for the pressurised liquid.

Easily confused with

Different products with different numbers. Check you are on the right one.

  • propane 514.933 kg/m³ 1.54358 kgCO₂e/L
  • butane 575.374 kg/m³ 1.74533 kgCO₂e/L

Density

529.749 kg/m³

at liquid phase (pressurised)

Heating values

LHV/NCV
  • 45.944 MJ/kg
  • 6.761 kWh/L
HHV/GCV
  • 49.333 MJ/kg
  • 7.259 kWh/L
Source for all values above

Emission factors

CO₂ ≠ CO₂e — separate metrics, never converted into one another. What these metrics mean →

Worked example: 1 L LPG converted to every unit
Open in converter →
Converting
1 L · LPG

At a glance

All results

Energy

Same energy expressed in other units.

Net calorific value · LHV/NCV

LHV vs. HHV — what is the difference?
source-based every figure below
24.34 MJ
6.761 kWh
0.02434 GJ
23,070 BTU

Gross calorific value · HHV/GCV

source-based every figure below
26.13 MJ
7.259 kWh
0.02613 GJ
24,770 BTU

Mass

0.5297 kg
source-based

Volume

exact every figure below
1,000 mL
1 L
0.001 m³
~0.264172 US gal
~0.219969 imp gal
~0.00628981 bbl

Emissions

CO₂ and CO₂e are separate — never derived from each other.

region + year every figure below
~1.55 kg CO₂
~1.56 kg CO₂e

Energy density

Energy per unit of mass or volume.

Net calorific value · LHV/NCV

LHV vs. HHV — what is the difference?
source-based every figure below
45.94 MJ/kg
6.761 kWh/L

Assumptions

  • density: assumed LPG density 529.749 kg/m³ at liquid phase (pressurised)
  • heating value basis: energy on LHV/NCV basis, 6.761 kWh/L
  • heating value basis: energy on HHV/GCV basis, 7.259 kWh/L

Sources

Follow each source back to its primary document — that traceability is the point. How conversions work →

Sources

Learn more

HHV/GCV vs LHV/NCV Higher heating value counts the heat of condensing water vapour; lower heating value does not. The gap can be 5–20%.CO₂ vs CO₂e CO₂ is only carbon dioxide; CO₂e bundles other greenhouse gases by their warming potential. There is no conversion between them.