electricity
electricityGrid electricity is not a combustible material: it has no density and no heating value (mass/volume conversions are not applicable and are correctly omitted, not 'not available'). '1 kWh electricity' converts as pure energy (kWh/MJ/BTU/etc., exact SI conversions); its CO2e is `context_required` by default because grid carbon intensity depends on country/region, year, and even time of day (rulebook §C.6, spec §9.6). The two linked emission_factor_ids are ILLUSTRATIVE region+year examples (UK 2025, EU-27 2023), not global defaults — see docs/conversion-rules.md §C.6.
- Grid electricity CO2e has no single correct global factor — it depends on the country/region, the year, and even the time of day. Pick a region and year for a real figure; the values shown without one are illustrative examples only, not defaults.
- Illustrative region+year electricity factors are generation-only / location-based (see each factor's own uncertainty note) and are not updated in real time.
Density
Not available.
Heating values
Not available.
Emission factors
| Metric | Value | Scope | Region / year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2e | 177 g co2e per kwh | Scope 2 (purchased energy) | UK · 2025 | |
| CO2 | 242 g co2 per kwh | Scope 2 (purchased energy) | EU-27 · 2023 |
CO₂ ≠ CO₂e — separate metrics, never converted into one another. Why? →
Worked example
Open in converter →Energy — context required
Same energy expressed in other units.
Not available: electricity has no heating value in the data set. No value is invented.
Mass — context required
Not available: electricity has no density in the data set. No value is invented.
Volume
Emissions — context required
CO₂ and CO₂e are separate — never derived from each other.
Grid electricity CO2e intensity depends on the country/region, the year, and even the time of day — there is no single correct global factor. Pick a region and year.
- UK 2025 · UK 2025 177 g_co2e_per_kwh
- EU-27 2023 · EU-27 2023 242 g_co2_per_kwh