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ethanol

liquid biofuel

DESNZ 2025 Bioethanol. Scope-1 CO2e (CH4+N2O; biogenic CO2 netted to zero) is a separate factor from the biogenic combustion CO2 ('outside of scopes'). IPCC 2006 Biogasoline NCV 27.0 MJ/kg (wide range 13.6–54.0, 'ethanol theoretical'), raw CO2 70,800 kg/TJ.

  • Biogenic CO2 from ethanol combustion is reported on a SEPARATE line ('outside of scopes'), not silently zeroed.

Easily confused with

Different products with different numbers. Check you are on the right one.

  • gasoline 746.204 kg/m³ 2.06916 kgCO₂e/L

Density

794 kg/m³

at 15 °C (fuel-properties basis)

Heating values

LHV/NCV
  • 26.8 MJ/kg
HHV/GCV
  • 29.7 MJ/kg
Source for all values above

Emission factors

CO₂ ≠ CO₂e — separate metrics, never converted into one another.Biogenic CO₂ is listed on its own line: the carbon still leaves the stack, but it is accounted for separately from fossil CO₂ rather than added to it. What these metrics mean →

Worked example: 1 L ethanol converted to every unit
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Converting
1 L · ethanol

At a glance

All results

Energy

Same energy expressed in other units.

Net calorific value · LHV/NCV

LHV vs. HHV — what is the difference?
source-based every figure below
21.28 MJ
5.911 kWh
0.02128 GJ
20,170 BTU

Gross calorific value · HHV/GCV

source-based every figure below
23.58 MJ
6.551 kWh
0.02358 GJ
22,350 BTU

Mass

0.794 kg
source-based

Volume

exact every figure below
1,000 mL
1 L
0.001 m³
~0.264172 US gal
~0.219969 imp gal
~0.00628981 bbl

Emissions

CO₂ and CO₂e are separate — never derived from each other.

region + year every figure below
~0.00901 kg CO₂e
~1.52 kg CO₂

Energy density

Energy per unit of mass or volume.

Net calorific value · LHV/NCV

LHV vs. HHV — what is the difference?
26.8 MJ/kg
source-based

Assumptions

  • density: assumed ethanol density 794 kg/m³ at 15 °C (fuel-properties basis)
  • heating value basis: energy on LHV/NCV basis, 26.8 MJ/kg
  • heating value basis: energy on HHV/GCV basis, 29.7 MJ/kg

Sources

Follow each source back to its primary document — that traceability is the point. How conversions work →

Sources

Learn more

HHV/GCV vs LHV/NCV Higher heating value counts the heat of condensing water vapour; lower heating value does not. The gap can be 5–20%.CO₂ vs CO₂e CO₂ is only carbon dioxide; CO₂e bundles other greenhouse gases by their warming potential. There is no conversion between them.